Abstract: Sinodul IV Ecumenic s-a ținut la Calcedon în anul 451, în timpul împăratului Marcian și a combătut monofizitismul. Au participat între 520-630 Sfinți Părinţi ai Bisericii din tot Imperiul Romano-Bizantin și au emis 30 canoane. Sinodalii au luptat împotriva lui Dioscor, patriarhul Alexandriei, şi a lui Eutihie, arhimandrit din Constantinopol. Sinodul IV Ecumenic a fost condus de Leon al Romei prin Libellusul papal, Anatolie al Constantinopolului, Iuvenalie al Ierusalimului și Maxim al Antiohiei. Denunţat patriarhului Flavian al Constantinopolului, Eutihie a fost chemat, în data de 12 noiembrie 448, să se justifice în faţa unui sinod, care l-a anatematizat. Acesta a făcut apel la papa Leon I al Romei (440-461) şi la patriarhul Dioscor al Alexandriei (444-451). În timp ce primul l‐a condamnat în celebrul Tomus ad Flavianum, cel de-al doilea s‐a arătat a fi un apărător înfocat al acestuia, considerându-l un interpret fidel al teologiei Sfântului Chiril. Aceste tensiuni au dus la convocarea Sinodului IV Ecumenic, de către generalul Marcian, devenit soţul Pulheriei, sora lui Teodosie II, ale cărui şedinţe s-au ţinut, între 8 şi 25 octombrie 451, în biserica Sfânta Eufimia din Calcedon. La Sinodul IV Ecumenic au participat și câțiva mitropoliți și episcopi dunăreni. Alexandru de Tomis nu a putut participa din cauza năvălirii hunilor dar a semnat în anul 452 actele Sinodului IV Ecumenic.
Keywords: Byzantine history, 4th Ecumenical Council, pars occidentis, pars orientis, Danubian teritories
Summary: Several metropolitans and bishops from the Danube territories or close to them or bishops from Scythia Minor participated or signed the synodal events preceding the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon and the Fourth Synod of 451. Thus, even near the Danube, the bishop Secundinus of Novae (Shistov) participated in a series of events. He participated in the meetings of the endemousa synod of April 8-13, 449, held in the portico of Saint Sophia Basilica in Constantinople. Another hierarch, Metropolitan Saturninus of Marcianopolis, South of the Danube, participated in the endemousa synodal events of 448 and 449 held in Constantinople. Another participating metropolitan was Basil of Trajanopolis of Rhodope. Docimasius of Maronea of Rhodope also participated at these events. Serenus of Maximianopolis in Rhodope also participated in all the meetings of the Synod of Chalcedon. Another hierarch from the Danube territories who participated at these events was Francion de Phiilipopolis (Plovdiv), who also participated in all the meetings of the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon. Metropolitan Alexander of Tomis participated in the endemousa synod of Constantinople, on April 13, 449, and due to the invasion of the Huns, he could not participate in the meetings of the Fourth Ecumenical Council but later signed the acts of this council. Several Illyrians also participated. Archbishop Anastasius of Thessalonica, the capital of Illyria, was represented at the synod by Bishop Quintilius of Heracles of Macedonia. An endemousa synod in Constantinople in 449 and a fourth meeting of the IV Ecumenical Synod in 451 were attended by an archimandrite from Constantinople named Carosus, who had been baptized by Metropolitan Theotimus of Tomis and had Daco-Roman origins and was from the local community. It should be noted that the Fourth Ecumenical Synod was attended by a former Prefect of the Praetorium per Illyricum who, in the meantime, had become Archbishop of Caesarea Cappadocia and in his previous capacity as prefect of the praetorium knew very well the Danube territories both politically and ecclesiastically.
Pr. conf. univ. dr. Marin Cojoc – Facultatea de Teologie Ortodoxă a Universității din Craiova; email: marin.cojoc@yahoo.com
